Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Year
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Ahadi, Hadi
- A Study of the Minimum Safe Stopping Distance between Vehicles in Terms of Braking Systems, Weather and Pavement Conditions
Abstract Views :656 |
PDF Views:131
Authors
Affiliations
1 Transportation Dept., Faculty of Civil Eng., K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Vali_Asr St., Mirdamad Cr., Tehran, IR
1 Transportation Dept., Faculty of Civil Eng., K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Vali_Asr St., Mirdamad Cr., Tehran, IR
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 10 (2012), Pagination: 3421-3427Abstract
One of the most important factors in reducing traffic accidents is to keep safe distance between vehicles. The minimum safe distance depends on many factors such as the drivers' ability to react in accident, the vehicle braking system, the condition of the tires, the corresponding frictional forces provided by the tires, the speed of vehicles and many other factors. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the above mentioned factors and obtain a relationship between speed and the so called minimum safe distance. In this study "Gim&Nikravesh" and "Sakai" models have been used in order to calculate the braking system force in each tire, using two-wheel equivalent model to calculate the braking force of vehicles and dynamic relations are used to calculate safe stopping time and distance between vehicles. Also the comparison of the minimum calculated safe distance with the relations delivered in Europe, Iran and British Codes are investigated. In this study, safety distance software has been introduced in order to calculate safe stopping distance based on different conditions. This software is designed and compiled by Delphi programming Environment and includes testing different hypothesizes for the back and front tires, calculating details of braking process such as stopping distance and stopping time, separating reflection distance and dynamic stopping distance, simulation of the stop process 3 seconds before confronting danger and finally drawing graphs related in the desired position. There is also a presentation of a recommendable formula in order to calculate the amount of safe distance for the two cases of ordinary braking system and "ABS"(Anti-lock Braking System) which covers the four situations of dry, wet, snowy, and icy positions.Keywords
Simulation Model, Vehicle Motion, Tire Model, Two Wheel Equivalent Model, Safe Stopping DistanceFull Text
References
- A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets (2004) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.
- A Policy on Sight Distance for Highways (1940) American Association of State Highway Officials, Washington, D.C.
- Broughton J and Baughan C (2002) The effectiveness of antilock braking systems in reducing accidents in Great Britain, Accident analysis and prevention.
- Carlos E. Agudelo and Eduardo Ferro (2005) Technical overview of brake performance testing for original equipment and aftermarket industries. In: The US and European Markets, Link Technical Report. pp: 1-27.
- Fambro DB, Fitzpatrick K and Koppa R (1997a) A new stopping sight distance model for use in highway geometric design. Transportation Research Circular Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington D.C.
- Fambro DB, Koppa R, Picha D and Fitzpatrick K (1997b) Driver braking performance in stopping sight distance situations. Transportation Research Circular Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington D.C.
- Hall JW and Turner DS (1988) Stopping sight distance: Can we see where we now stand? In: Transportation Research Record 1208, TRB, National Research Council, Washington D.C. 4-13.
- Iran code (2004) Police publication.
- Koppa RJ, Fambro DB and Zimmer RA (1996) Measuring driver performance in braking maneuvers. Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington D.C.
- Kwanghun Gim and Parviz E. Nikravesh (1991) An analytical model of pneumatic tires for vehicles dynamics simulations. Int. J. Design. 12-1 vol? page?
- Mansour Farzam (2003) How to study accidents. Police Publish.
- Masato Abe (2009) Vehicle Handling dynamics.Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Olson PL, Cleveland DE, Fancher PS, Kostyniuk LP and Schneider LW (1984) Parameters affecting stopping sight distance. In: NCHRP Parameters affecting stopping sight distance. NCHRP Report 270, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
- Quinn BE and Hilderbrand SE (1973) Effect of road roughness on vehicle steering. Highway Res. Record. 47, 62-75.
- Takashi Nakatsuji, Mansour HadjiHosseinlou, Akira Kawamura and Yuki Onodera (2001) Taking tire slip ratio into account and estimating friction coefficients. In: Rear-end collision on winter roads. J. the Transportation Res., Board 1741.
- The Highway Code (2004) Stationery office books, 1st revised edition.
- Zimmer RA and Ivey DL (1983) Pavement edges and vehicle stability: A basis for maintenance guidelines. Transportation Research Record 946, Report no, HS-037 874, 48-56.